When reviewing a pathology report, patients may encounter the term tumor budding. This finding describes small clusters of cancer cells that have separated from the main tumor and are seen at the edges, invading surrounding tissue. Tumor budding has become…
Understanding how colon cancer develops at the genetic level can feel complicated, especially when terms like mismatch repair genes (MMR) and microsatellite instability (MSI-high) appear in a pathology report. These findings provide critical insight into how a tumor behaves, its…
A diagnosis of high-grade dysplasia can feel alarming when it appears in a pathology report. While the term sounds serious, it does not mean cancer is present. Instead, it describes cells that show significant abnormalities, which could increase the risk…
