The gastrointestinal tract commonly shows reactive changes because it faces constant exposure to acid, bacteria, medications, and mechanical stress. In esophageal biopsies, reactive squamous epithelial changes are most often linked to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The lining thickens with basal…
Chronic inflammation on biopsies represents one of the most frequent yet confusing findings patients encounter after endoscopic or needle procedures. Whether the report mentions lymphocytes, plasma cells, or macrophages infiltrating tissue, many individuals immediately search online for answers about what…
Sarcoma is one of the rarest and most complex forms of cancer, arising in the body’s connective tissues including muscles, fat, blood vessels, nerves, tendons, and bones. With over 50 recognized subtypes of soft tissue sarcoma and several primary bone…
